Arsip untuk ‘P’ Kategori

Productivity and Costs

Juni 26, 2008

Productivity is seasonally adjusted review that measures the change in output per hour of work. It provides quarterly statistics on total labor compensation as well.

Productivity considers the possibility of economic growth without a raise in inflation. It has valuable effect on the outlook for employment and it is also an indictor as efficiency of the labor market.

Purchasing Managers Index (PMI)

Juni 26, 2008
The Institute for Supply Management (that was called the National Association of Purchasing Managers (NAPM) before) publishes a monthly complex index of national manufacturing conditions, that contains data on production, new orders, supplier delivery times, inventories, backlogs, prices, export orders and import orders and employment. It consists of two sub-indices: non-manufacturing and manufacturing.

Philadelphia Federal Reserve Bank Business Outlook Survey

Juni 26, 2008
This survey is based on a poll of manufacturing firms in eastern Pennsylvania, New Jersey and Delaware, the bank’s district, on recent expectations and developments with response to “general conditions” and specific manufacturing activities. It represents trends in regional economic activity.

Personal Consumption Expenditures

Juni 26, 2008

Personal Consumption Expenditures shows the level of consumer spending for all goods and services, quoted in both real (inflation adjusted) and nominal (current-dollar) terms and divided into three categories: durable goods, nondurable goods and services. This indicator represents two-thirds of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP).

Personal Income shows households’ income from all sources, which are self-employment, employment, investments, and transfer payments. It can also be described as total pretax annual income earned by private trust funds, individuals and non-profit organizations.

Disposable personal income (DPI) measures personal income discounting tax and non-tax payments, or, in other words, personal saving subtracts personal consumption expenditures plus interest payments and net transfers to foreigners from personal income.

This index can be helpful in forecasting changes in consumer spending patterns. Two-thirds of GDP is personal consumption; therefore consumer spending has an effect on economic growth.

Spending is determined mostly by income, and average US consumer spends approximately 95 cents of each new dollar. Larger spending benefits the stock market and stimulates corporate profits.

Philadelphia Fed

Juni 26, 2008

This index reflects the conditions of regional manufacturing that covers Pennsylvania, Delaware and New Jersey. This region is considered to represent a reasonable cross section of different sectors of national manufacturing. Expanding factory sector is represented by readings above 50 percent; while rates below 50 are the symptom of contraction.

This index, along with the Chicago Purchasing Manager’s Index, is designed to predict the results of ISM index, which is the leading indicator of economic activity as a whole.

The Payroll Employment

Juni 26, 2008

The Payroll employment, that also known as the Labor Report, considered to be the most important among all economic indicators. It represents extensive look of the economy as it includes all necessary factors of the economy. It is usually released on the first Friday of the month. As valuable source of information about changes in job creation in several industry categories, it can reflect the detailed picture of job market.

Payroll Employment is a measure of the number of people being paid as employees by non-farm business establishments and units of government. Monthly changes in payroll employment reflect the net number of new jobs created or lost during the month and changes are widely followed as an important indicator of economic activity.

Large increases in the payroll employment indicate strong economic activity that could eventually cause increasing of interest rates and support the currency at least in the short term. However, during the rising of inflationary pressure, this may weaken the long-term confidence in the currency.

PURGATORY – 7.172

Juni 26, 2008

Forex Glossary P

Juni 25, 2008

Par

The principal amount of an investment instrument (e.g. 100) or where price equals the original value.

Parabolic Stop

Wells Wilder introduced the Parabolic Indicator, whose shape resembles the curve of a parabolic arc. The Parabolic is useful as a trailing stop because it has an acceleration factor that, over time, moves it closer to prices.

Parameter

A variable setting for an indicator, such as the lookback period for a moving average, or a rule for a system.

Peak

A price high on a currency bar chart.

Penetration of a Trendline

When a currency trades below an uptrend line or above a downtrend line.

Pennant

A pattern formed during a short consolidation in price movement that is contained by two parallel lines and thus looks similar to a triangular flag on a flagpole. Additionally, the price movements before and after the pennant are generally equal in length.

Percentage Retracements

Price corrections often retrace a prior move by a specific percentage, and then resume moving in the original direction of the trend. Charles Dow noticed, as have traders since, that prices often retrace half of a prior move, before continuing in the same direction. In addition to 50% retracement percentage, Dow used one-third and two-thirds retracement levels. Percentage retracements are calculated by taking the distance between a significant price high and low, and multiplying by the selected percentages. Subtract those amounts from the price high to project retracements within an uptrend. Add those amounts to a price low to identify potential retracements within a downtrend.

Piercing Line and Dark Cloud

(Candlestick Reversal Pattern)

The Piercing Line is a bullish reversal in a downtrend. During this trend a long black day develops following which price opens below the low of the black day and rallies to form a long white day. The close of the white day will be below the close of the black day but above the mid point.

The pattern suggests that the underlying bearishness may be overdone and a further move higher to breach the high of the white day will confirm further gains.

A Dark Cloud is the opposite of the Piercing Line. During an uptrend a long white day develops. The following day’s open will be above the high of the white day and price then declines in a long black day to close above the white day’s close but below the mid price.

The pattern suggests that the underlying bullishness may be overdone and a further move lower to breach the low of the black day will confirm further losses.

Pip (Point)

The smallest incremental value by which an exchange rate move is measured in Forex markets. For most currencies a Pip is one 10,000th of an exchange rate, 0.0001. Noted exceptions: Dollar-Yen and Euro-Yen, where a Pip is valued at one 100th or 0.01 of an exchange rate.

Pivot Levels

Pivot levels are created when price fails in the same area on several occasions. Once this level is breached it is common for price to come back and test the same price area, which then reverses its role. i.e. Support becomes resistance and resistance becomes support.

Point (Pip)

The smallest incremental value by which an exchange rate move is measured in Forex markets. For most currencies a Point is one 10,000th of an exchange rate, 0.0001. Noted exceptions: Dollar-Yen and Euro-Yen, where a Point is valued at one 100th or 0.01 of an exchange rate.

Point & Figure Charts

The Point and Figure (PF) charting method is a technique that has been used for many years in analyzing the variations in prices of stocks and commodities. The principal advantage of a PF chart is that it is much easier to read and interpret than other types of charts. Two basic symbols are used:
X Denotes the continuance of an increase in price and is always “stacked” in the vertical direction.
O Denotes the continuance of a decrease in price and is always “stacked” in the vertical direction.
While prices are rising X’s are used. When falling, O’s are used. They are always plotted on rectangular grid graph paper such that columns of X’s and O’s alternate. A Point and Figure chart is characterized by the specification of two parameters: box size and reversal number. The box size dictates the price range associated with a particular box (cubical area within the grid), while the reversal number specifies the conditions which terminate a column of X’s and begin a column of O’s and vice-versa.

Position

The outstanding contracts that a trader is holding in his/her account.

Position Limits

Determining position size, maximum dollar loss per trade, number of contracts being traded and number of points per stop loss.

Positive Carry

A market position held overnight where the currency owned pays a higher interest rate than the one that it is priced against.

Pound

A market term for the Great Britain Pound

Price Breakout

Price action that breaks or moves beyond a trendline or consolidation pattern, indicating an increase in momentum or a possible change in direction of prices.

Price Chart

Composed of historical and current prices. Used for the purpose of forecasting the direction of currency prices.

Pricing Currency (Quote Currency)

The second currency in a currency pair. Used to price the first or base currency.

Price Filters

Used to identify valid trendline penetrations and to eliminate false signals, known as “whipsaws”. Price filters require that prices break through a trendline by some predetermined price increment in order to signal a valid trend reversal.

Price Retracement

A price move that runs counter to the direction of a trend.

Profit Exit

An exit order that reduces or closes a position once an initial profit target is met.

Pyramid

To increase the size of a position as the market moves in a profitable direction.

PLANET BUMI – WORKING CLASS ZERO

Juni 11, 2008

CULTURAL – HIDUP TAK SELAMANYA INDAH

Juni 9, 2008